Coordinate System

A coordinate system is a mathematical framework used to define the position of points in space by means of numerical values (coordinates) relative to a defined origin, orientation, and scale. In geodesy, coordinate systems are essential for describing positions on or near the Earth, whether in Cartesian (geocentric), geographic (latitude, longitude, height), or projected forms. They provide the basis for positioning, mapping, navigation, and the realization of terrestrial and celestial reference frames, ensuring consistency and comparability of geospatial data worldwide.