Lower Neutral Atmosphere

The lower neutral atmosphere (troposphere + stratosphere up to ~50 km) affects geodesy by altering radio signal propagation via refractivity, which depends on atmospheric density and composition. Its impact is split into a hydrostatic part—predictable via pressure/temperature data—and a non-hydrostatic (wet) part, primarily driven by water vapor, which must be estimated in GNSS models. Accurate modelling of zenith wet delays (ZWD), slant delays, and atmospheric gradients not only improves positioning but also provides valuable inputs for weather and climate models.

More Info: https://geodesy.science/item/lower-neutral-atmosphere/