Geodetic space techniques allow us to determine station positions with high accuracy (at the mm level). Continuous operating stations measure large- and small-scale displacements with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Geodetic techniques (especially GNSS) are widely applied for deformation monitoring of natural hazards (volcano activity, seismic effects, landslides, subsidence, etc.), man-made structures (dams, buildings, bridges, mines, etc.), and also modelling tectonic features (plate motion, surface deformation, slow-slip interactions, etc.) including vertical movements associated to mountain building or global isostatic adjustment. Recent improvements in the observing technologies, data analysis strategies, and standards have increased sensitivity and accuracy of the geodetic results, and today it is even possible to detect small (transient) signals of surface deformation caused by e.g. oceanic, hydrologic, or atmospheric loading. Time series of station positions provided by geodesy are essential for studying Earth’s surface deformation, geodynamics, and geophysical phenomena as well as for monitoring and understanding various environmental changes, such as ice and snow coverage variations and sea-level changes. The following geodetic product is the key to realising, monitoring and applying this Essential Geodetic Variable: