Regional reference frames are essential for accessing global geodetic reference frames at regional and national scales, ensuring compatibility with international standards, and enabling the same accuracy and stability as the global frames. As regional reference frames are characterised by denser station distribution than the global frames, they are essential for improving regional GNSS and remote sensing data analysis and for detecting small-scale tectonic activity, ground deformation, natural risks, and other regional effects. They also provide the basis for national coordinate systems, cadastral surveying, land administration and management, infrastructure deployment, and sustainable development. Regional reference frames are also essential for improving positioning and navigation accuracy for local users (e.g. real-time-based applications, surveyors, engineers, GNSS users, and in general, any application based on geospatial data). The following geodetic products are key to realising, monitoring and applying this Essential Geodetic Variable:
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